This is quite the interesting little problem, and verified across several installs and servers.
Scenario 1: User goes in to edit page/post, saves item, yet when looking at the post box, the text is not updated. It's updated in the database, but the previous version is still in the post box.
This causes confusion, and folks thinking their work is lost.
Scenario 2: User adds category, or several. They pop up in the list through ajax, as expected, however if they either go to write a post, or go back to the manage categories page, the newly added cats aren't there. Again, they are actually in the database.
In both instances above, the object cache isn't being updated. Upon clearing the object cache and reloading it, the modified content, new cats, etc. appear as they should.